In places where there is a concentration of people, such as convocation centres, large hotel halls and canteens, the network often reaches peaks."Blocked."The more people connect, the slower everyone gets to the net and then it's even completely out of use. The root of this problem is not necessarily insufficient bandwidth, often.Network billing systemLack of rational flow management mechanisms, resulting in a small number"Big house."The vast majority of bandwidth is occupied, and other users have no access to resources.
The paper focuses on the management and equitable distribution of the two sub-issues of flow pool management and the need for a clear picture of what design is needed at the system level to ensure basic quality of services in high-speed settings.
The idea of a pool is simply to think of the bandwidth as one."The pool."The key question is: how does the system allocate the remaining resources when the water in the pool is running out? The most rough way to do it is to get first.——Whoever first gets to take on more, then the connection goes away. This way is okay when there are fewer users, but it's completely out of control during peak periods.
A slightly more mature system will be introduced."Maximum bandwidth limit per user". For example, you can set a maximum of 2 mbps for the upper row and 10 mbps for the lower row, regardless of the total bandwidth. This prevents individual users from exceeding this limit."Eating one-seat."However, the problem was that when there were fewer users, excess bandwidth was wasted and no way to be used by other users.
The better idea is...Dynamic bandwidth distribution: The system will be able to measure the current number of online users and their traffic consumption, adjusting the maximum available for each user according to the dynamic of total bandwidth. When there are fewer users, each person can enjoy a larger bandwidth; when users use more time, the system automatically narrows the ceiling for each person, ensuring that everyone has a basic rate of availability."Flexible bandwidth control", which is more difficult to achieve than static speed limits, but the improvement in user experience is qualitative.
In flow pool management, the priority layer is another dimension that must be considered. Should pay-and-free users enjoy equal bandwidth security? Are there differences between different types of customers? If there are both high-speed and free basic packages in a place where the system does not make a distinction, the paying user may experience worse at peak times than free users?——Because bandwidth is not differentiated. The right approach is to set different priority weights for different user groups in the system, ensuring that high-paying users are given priority when resources are stretched.
The government has been trying to find a way to improve the quality of the food supply.Flow quotaSome packages are billed by traffic (e.g., 1GB traffic packs), not by time. In these packages, the system needs to track accurately the flow of accumulated consumption per user and alert them when approaching the quota, automatically triggering speed limits or breaks after a quota has been exceeded. This tracking action looks simple, but in high-commension settings, real-time requirements for a costing system are very high.——If the billing delay exceeds a few minutes, users may have used hundreds of MB excess traffic without the system triggering restrictions.
A hotel room with 500 devices will have a large number of requests for certification, traffic reporting and billing confirmations that flow through the system every few seconds.Network billing systemThe system ' s simultaneous distribution number index and QPS (the number of requests per second) should be the parameters that focus on queries when selecting a model, rather than focusing only on supporting how many APs or switches.
In the multiAP network structure, there's another."User Wandering"The user moves from one AP coverage to another, the device automatically reconnects. If the billing system does not maintain a proper session during this reconnection process, the user may be asked to re-validate or repay. This is not a user problem; it is a system problem. A mature network billing system will maintain a user ' s authentication session at RADIUS level, ensuring that the roaming switch is transparent to users and does not interrupt ongoing billing sessions.
On the level of a carrier, traffic management also needs visual monitoring interfaces. Managers need to be ready to see: number of current online users, total bandwidth usage, distribution of AP flows, and an unusual large-flow user tag. If these data can only be accessed through command lines, ordinary operators simply cannot use them. A good system will provide real time dashboards that enable managers to quickly determine which area or user is occupying a significant amount of resources during peak periods and can limit or kick down the line with one key.
The site providing public WiFi access requires a time limit for the user logs."Advanced Functions", is a basic requirement that operational compliance must meet.
Another interesting scene is thatEquity in a mixed network environmentModern spaces often have both wired and wireless access, some connected through WiFi, some accessed via cable ports, and the two ways different from bottom bandwidth. The stability and speed limit of wired access is usually higher. If systems use the same bandwidth distribution logic for wired and wireless users, there may be a problem with wired users inadvertently."Squeeze"Wireless user bandwidth. A mature flow management should also be differentiated at the level of access type, with a separate ceiling, rather than just an equal distribution among users.
In practice,Peak prediction and preset speed limitIt is also an effective means of proactive management. Operators usually predict certain peak times.——For example, the opening of the exhibition, half an hour before the hotel's big dinner, and a peak after school. Before these known peak periods, the system narrows the bandwidth ceiling for each user in advance so that more users can use it simultaneously instead of waiting until the system has already begun."Blocked."Passive speed limits. This active management requires systems to support a time-span configuration strategy and allow operators to easily manually adjust the current time-frame speed limit parameters.
Flow pool management and equitable distribution, which is technically used to solve resource competition. Well designed, users don't feel the network."Rob!"The design is poor, and every peak is a high-voltage complaint. This detail deserves serious consideration in the selection and deployment of options.